Just to follow up, this morning I deleted the following:
Applications/OneDrive for Business
Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.OneDriveforBusiness-Mac.plist
Library/Application Support/Microsoft/OneDriveforBusiness-Mac (folder)
Library/Containers/com/microsoft.OneDriveforBusiness-Mac
...securely emptied the trash, and rebooted my machine. Did a re-install of OneDrive for Business-Mac and am still getting the same error.
