I have the same issue over here. What I found is that whenever I use an Office 2016 Preview app (Mac), the Office Document Cache seems to get confused.
E.g.:
1. Quit One Drive for Business (15.3.0 Beta)
2. Delete "/Users/<user>/Library/Group Containers/UBF8T346G9.Office/Microsoft/AppData/Microsoft/Office/15.0/OfficeFileCache"
3. Launch and use Microsoft Excel (15.8)
4. Launch One Drive for Business
An error says "A problem occurred while accessing the Office Document Cache - Do you want to repair the problem?"
This goes into the endless loop, CPU usage etc.
Deleting the local office cache fixes the situation until you use an Office 2016 app again. I've also noticed an interference with Microsoft OneNote (15.8). Using Microsoft Outlook (15.8.1) is fine.
Any help is much appreciated!
Frank