Hi Marc,
I understand that the invites have been received by Gmail. For now, we need to confirm if Gmail sends the notifications back. If the notifications arrived at Office 365 side, they will be traced out even if they are blocked or deleted by EOP or other policies. If there no notifications, we may need to involve Gmail side for deeper investigation.
So please let us know if you have any updates. You can provide the screenshot by replying my Private Message.
Thanks,
Alex