Hi Derek,
Per the description, you can see five folders from your personal site, so it seems that you have made a connection to your personal site using Document Connection in Office 2011 applications. I’d like to confirm if you have done the following steps at your side:
1. In Document Connection, click Add Location > Connect to a SharePoint Site.
2. Type the URL of your SkyDrive Pro library.
3. Login with your Office 365 account. You’ll be able to see the documents in your SkyDrive Pro.
Then you can see the documents in your SkyDrive Pro location as the screenshot above. Then you click domain_onmicrosoft_com, you can see five folders, but the error message "The location Documents no longer exists." returned when you click Documents. At first, the Document Connection can connect to your SkyDrive Pro library via the URL "
https://domain-my.sharepoint.com/personal/name_domain_com/Documents/
" it indicates the SharePoint Online service works perfectly, but the Document Connection can not identify the URL in the case that you browse to the top level of your personal site and then go to your SkyDrive Pro location. We should handle this issue as a Document Connection client issue. As our forum focus on handling Office 365 service issue, it's suggested you post a question in Office for Mac forum, as the support engineer there are more professional at handling Office 2011 client issues. Here is the address:
Office for Mac
http://www.microsoft.com/mac/support
You can also discuss with the community member there, and check to see if it’s a known issue on Document Connection. I wish the issue can be resolved soon or you can get proper workaround.
Thanks,
Allen Qiu