Hi Gerhard,
Thanks for the updates.
To narrow down the issue, please perform an Outlook Connectivity test with the Remote Connectivity Analyzer for the Office 365 account with the issue.
To do this, open the Remote Connectivity Analyzer page, click Office 365 and select Outlook Connectivity under Microsoft Office Outlook Connectivity Tests. Click Expand All and send us the complete report for analysis.
I have sent you a private message to collect the information, please reply to it by clicking the private message on the upper right corner of the forum.
Regards,
Robert